Medically Reviewed by Kazim Aykent, MD

Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but despite its prevalence, there are still many misconceptions about heart attacks—what they are, how they happen, and what we can do to prevent them. Dr. Kazeem Aykent, an interventional cardiologist at McLeod Health, explores the key aspects of heart attacks, from their symptoms and risk factors to the crucial steps we can take to avoid them.

What is a Heart Attack?

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is obstructed, usually by a blockage in one of the coronary arteries. “The heart muscle is compromised by a blockage or blockages and prevents the heart muscle from getting enough oxygen,” explains Dr. Aykent.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Heart Attack

One of the most critical aspects of heart attack prevention and treatment is knowing when one is occurring. Symptoms can vary widely between individuals, but the most common signs are:

• Chest Pain: This is the hallmark symptom of a heart attack. The pain is often described as severe and sudden, radiating to the left arm in many cases.
• Shortness of Breath: This can accompany chest pain, making it even harder for the body to function properly.
• Sweating and Feeling “Crummy”: Sweating excessively without exertion, along with a sense of general malaise, can signal an impending heart attack.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Some people may also experience dizziness or even fainting, which is a result of reduced oxygen flow to the brain.

While chest pain is the most recognized symptom, Dr. Aykent notes that not everyone will experience the classic warning signs. “The symptoms of having a heart attack actually vary significantly between patients,” he says. So, it’s important to listen to your body and seek care if something feels “not-right.”

What Are the Risk Factors?

Heart attacks don’t just happen—they are often the result of a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. Dr. Ayent points out that while certain risk factors are beyond our control, many are not.

• Non-Modifiable Risk Factors:
  • Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after 45 for men and 55 for women.
  • Gender: Men are at a higher risk at younger ages, but the risk for women increases after menopause.
  • Family History: A family history of heart disease significantly increases your risk.
• Modifiable Risk Factors:
  • High Blood Pressure: Hypertension puts undue strain on the heart and blood vessels.
  • High Cholesterol: Elevated cholesterol levels can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries, leading to blockages.
  • Diabetes: Poor blood sugar control increases the risk of heart disease.
  • Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight and staying active are key components of heart health.

Making lifestyle changes to manage these modifiable risk factors can greatly reduce the chances of experiencing a heart attack.

Should You Take Aspirin If You Think You’re Having a Heart Attack?

A common question during a potential heart attack is whether or not you should take aspirin.

Dr. Aykent acknowledges that aspirin can be part of the treatment protocol, as it helps thin the blood and prevent further clotting. But that isn’t the first thing you need to do, he says. “Call 9-1-1 immediately and the operator will instruct you what to do.”

Why Is It So Important to Call 911?

The window of time for treating a heart attack is very narrow. The earlier blood flow is restored to the heart, the less damage is done, says Dr. Aykent. “Waiting longer means more damage to heart muscle and less chance of survival.”

How Can You Prevent a Heart Attack?

While it’s impossible to eliminate all risk of a heart attack, Dr. Aykent emphasizes that prevention is key. Simple, consistent lifestyle changes can significantly lower your chances:

• Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight or losing excess weight is one of the most effective ways to reduce heart attack risk.
• Quit Smoking: Smoking is a major contributor to heart disease, and quitting can dramatically lower your risk.
• Regular Checkups: Regular visits to your family doctor and cardiologist can help monitor and control risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity, even something as simple as walking for 30-40 minutes a day, can help keep your heart healthy.

By taking proactive steps like these, you can improve your overall cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of heart disease.

Conclusion

Heart attacks are a serious and often life-threatening event, but knowing the symptoms, understanding your risk factors, and taking preventive measures can help protect your heart.

Dr. Aykent’s advice is clear: Listen to your body, seek immediate medical attention if needed, and live a heart-healthy lifestyle.

Consider scheduling an appointment with your healthcare provider to discuss your heart health. You can find a cardiologist near you here. It’s always better to be proactive than reactive when it comes to your cardiovascular well-being.